Effect of Shuanglong formula on no-reflow in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Shuanglong formula(SLF) on no-reflow in rats with myocardial is-chemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods The rats were divided into five groups, namely, sham group, I/R group,SLF(5,2.5,1.25 g·kg-1)group. Treatment group received SLF decoction by gavage once a day for five days,while other groups were offered drinking wa-ter by gavage once a day for five days. The rats in I/R group and SLF-pretreated group were induced by iga-tion of left anterior descending coronary artery,and the rats were subjected to ischemia for 4h followed by reperfusion. Sham operation group did not undergo oc-clusion of the coronary artery. After 4 hours' reperfu-sion, real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was used to monitor regional blood perfusion and cardi-ac functions. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and the serum was separated, and the levels of cTnT, CRP, CK and LDH were measured. The myo-cardial no-reflow area and infarction area were assessed by thioflavin S and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride, re-spectively. Results The SLF-pretreated group exhibi-ted significant reductions in the infarct area and no-re-flow area compared with I/R group(P <0.01 or P <0.05). In SLF-pretreated groups, β, A and A·β significantly increased as compared to those in I/R group. The LV anterior wall systolic and diastolic thicknesses (LVAW d/s) were significantly improved in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The LV internal diameter in systole (LVID s) and the LV volume in systole(LV s) were significantly reduced in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The EF, FS and SV were significantly improved in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The comparison between SLF-pretreated group and I/R group showed no significant difference in LDH, CK, cTnT, and CRP levels. Conclusion Shuanglong formula minimizes the sizes of myocardial infarct area and no-reflow area,improving regional my-ocardial blood flow and cardiac function.

Allicin improves cardiac function by protecting against apoptosis in rat model of myocardial infarction / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of allicin on cardiac function and underlying mechanism in rat model of myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-four Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=14-16 per group): sham control group [underwent thoracotomy without left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion and only received an injection of the same amount of citrate buffer], MI control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and only received an injection of same amount of citrate buffer), positive control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of diltiazem hydrochloride at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg), and MI + allicin groups (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of allicin at the doses of 1.2, 1.8, and 3.6 mg/kg). All of the drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. The infarct area was measured by myocardial staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes. Cardiac function parameters were assessed by echocardiography. The myocardial apoptotic index was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with allicin could attenuate the myocardial infarct area (P<0.05) and relieve the changes of the myocardium. The left ventricular anterior wall diastolic and systolic thicknesses were increased in the allicin-treated groups (P<0.05), while there was no signifificant difference in the left ventricular posterior wall diastolic and systolic thickness (P>0.05). The left ventricular internal diameter in systole, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and stroke volume were dramatically elevated in allicin-treated rats (P<0.05). Allicin dose-dependently reduced creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P<0.05). The myocardial apoptotic index was also markedly lowered, and Bax expression was signifificantly decreased, whereas Bcl-2 expression exhibited an opposite trend in allicin-treated rats (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allicin appears to exert a cardioprotective effect that may be linked to blocking Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway-denpendent apoptosis, further improving cardiac function.</p>

Developing traditional Chinese medicine injection is the need for curing sickness to save patients / 中国中药杂志

Safety issues of traditional Chinese medicine injections has been heated debate. There are two diametrically opposed views: it should be used reasonable and developed healthily or be forbidden to use. Some people have many misunderstandings and prejudices about the safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections. Compared with western medicine,traditional Chinese medicine has its own particularity. Traditional Chinese medicine has complex components. Its research and clinical application is different from western medicine. Adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections are related to many factors,such as a large number of irrational use,blind use of traditional Chinese medicine injections and western medicine injections,counterfeit and substandard drugs,incorrect methods of intravenous infusion,toxicity of supplementary materials,drug ingredients. Developing traditional Chinese medicine injection is the need for curing sickness to save patients. The purposeful, targeted, organized and planned systematic research of traditional Chinese medicine injections should be strengthened,especially the safety of traditional Chinese medicine. Strengthen supervision and control of rational drug use.Strengthen the examination and approval,supervision and management of all aspects to ensure the safety of patients.

Effect of allicin on myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats and its relationship with TGFβ/Smads signal transduction / 中国中药杂志

Allicin is the internationally accepted active substance of garlic, and has cardiovascular protective effect. This research was designed to investigate the effect of allicin on myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction and explore the relationship between the effect and TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway. The rat myocardial infarction model were made by ligating the left anterior desending coronary artery. The drugs were administered intraperitoneally 24 h after the operation. After 21 days, the rats were sacrificed and myocardial collagen fibres were observed by Masson staining. The protein expression of Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen and TGFβ1, Smad3, Smad7 in the myocardium was measured by the immunohistochemistry. The results showed that myocardial fibrosis was serious and the expression of Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen was increased in model group. After treatment with allicin, the myocardial fibrosis could be relieved markedly, and the expression of collagen was down-regulated. Meanwhile, TGFβ1 and Smad3 in heart tissue could be down-regulated and Smad7 could be up-regulated in allicin groups. So allicin may exhibit anti-myocardial fibrosis effect on rats, and the mechanism of this is related to TGFβ/Smads signal transduction.

Effect of paeonol on blood pressure and blood flow in artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its mechanisms related on vasomotion / 中国中药杂志

Previous studies have shown that paeonol can antagonize acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in rat. This study further researched the effects of paeonol on blood pressure and blood flow in the artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its mechanisms related on vasomotion. Firstly, thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into spontaneously hypertensive control group and paeonol-treating groups of high dose and low dose, and also, the other ten Wistar rats as healthy control group. Before and after the intraduodenal administration of the drug, arterial blood pressure was measured by carotid artery and blood flow through the renal artery and carotid artery in vivo were measured by animal flowmeter. The same volume of solvent was given to the spontaneously hypertensive control group and the healthy control group, and the other operations were same. In order to further study the effect of paeonol on vasomotor function, the superior mesenteric artery, renal artery and coronary artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat were removed and separated, precontracted by a certain concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) and 5-serotonin (5-HT) respectively, and dilatory responses were assessed by cumulative addition of paeonol. Results showed that after duodenal one-time delivery of paeonol, the blood pressure significantly lowered, the renal arterial blood flow and the carotid arterial blood flow significantly increased in spontaneously hypertensive rat. And also, paeonol relaxed the mesenteric artery, renal artery and the coronary artery of spontaneously hypertensive rat in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicated that the effect of paeonol on decreasing arterial blood pressure and increasing the arterial blood flow was related to its vasodilative effect.

Academician Li Lianda talking about doctors doing scientific research / 中国中药杂志

At present, Chinese medical field faces with an important problem of how to correctly handle the relationship between medical and scientific research. Academician Li Lianda advocates doctors doing scientific research under the premise of putting the medical work first. He points out that there are many problems in the process of doctors doing scientific research at present such as paying more attention to scientific research than medical care, excessively promoting building scientific research hospital, only paying attention to training scientific talents, research direction be flashy without substance, the medical evaluation system should be improved and so on. Medical, scientific research and teaching are inseparable because improving medical standards depends on scientific research and personnel training. But not all doctors need to take into account of medical treatment, scientific research and teaching in the same degree while not all hospitals need to turn into three-in-one hospital, scientific research hospital or teaching hospital. It must be treated differently according to the actual situation.

Specificity of traditional Chinese medicine's clinical re-evaluation / 中国中药杂志

Clinical re-evaluation is to verify the drug's safety and effectiveness again,while the drug itself has not been improved. However, due to the complexity of traditional Chinese medicine, ingredients in bulk drugs, prescription, productive processes, quality standards and other aspects need to be enhanced. So improving the quality, safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine by clinical re-evaluation is also very necessary. Therefore, except for achieving those basic requirements of medicine, it should also be improved on itself and pay full attention to the particularity, then traditional Chinese medicine's clinical re-evaluation will play its due role.

Comparative on acute myocardial infarction models in beagle dogs and mongrel dogs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the acute myocardial infarction models in Beagle dogs and mongrel dogs, and study whether the Beagle dog model is sensitive to drug intervention.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The acute myocardial infarction model of dog was set up through ligation of anterior descending branch of coronary artery in dogs, in order to observe morphological changes of the heart and determine artery length and heart coefficient of exposed anterior descending branch of coronary artery. The epicardium electrocardiogram (sigmaST, N-ST) was used to measure the degree of myocardial ischemia. The quantitative histological assay (nitroblue tetrazolium, N-BT stain) was adopted to determine the area of myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was no significant difference between Beagle dogs and mongrel dogs in terms of sigmaST, N-ST and ischemia area. The diltiazem group of Beagle dogs showed obvious reduction in the ischemia area (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with notable decline in sigmaST and N-ST, however, it had no statistical difference compared with the Beagle dog model group. Beagle dogs had clear coronary branches, longer exposed arteries and less difference in organ coefficient, which were suitable for the preparation of the myocardial infarction model, whereas mongrel dogs had irregular coronary branches and exposed arteries, with greater individual difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Beagle dogs are superior to mongrel dogs in the preparation of the acute myocardial infarction model, which is sensitive to for drug intervention.</p>

Paeonol induces vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery via inhibiting extracellular Ca²⁺ influx and intracellular Ca²⁺ release / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the vasodilative effect of paeonol in rat mesenteric artery and the mechanisms responsible for it.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. The superior mesenteric artery was removed, dissected free of adherent tissue and cut into 2.0 mm long cylindrical segments. Isometric tension of artery rings was recorded by a myograph system in vitro. Concentration-relaxation curves of paeonol (17.8 μ mol/L to 3.16 mmol/L) were recorded on artery rings precontracted by potassium chloride (KCl) and concentration-contraction curves of KCl, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) were recorded in the presence of paeonol (10(-4.5), 10(-3.8), 10(-3.5) mol/L) respectively. And also, concentration-relaxation curves of paeonol were recorded in the presence of different potassium channel inhibitors and propranolol on rings precontracted with KCl respectively. To investigate the role of intracellular Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+) store, the contraction induced by NA (100 μ mol/L) and CaCl2 (2 mmol/L) in Ca(2+) free medium was observed in the presence of paeonol respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Paeonol relaxed artery rings precontracted by KCl in a concentration-dependent manner and the vasodilatation effect was not affected by endothelium denudation. Paeonol significant decreased the maximum contractions (Emax) induced by KCl, CaCl2, NA and 5-HT, as well as Emax induced by NA and CaCl2 in Ca(2+) -free medium, suggesting that paeonol dilated the artery via inhibiting the extracellular Ca(2+) influx mediated by voltage-dependent calcium channel, and receptor-mediated Ca(2+)-influx and release. Moreover, none of glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, barium chlorded and propranolol affected the paeonol-induced vasodilatation, indicating that the vasodilatation was not contributed to ATP sensitive potassium channel, calcium-activated potassium channel, inwardly rectifying potassium channel, and β-adrenoceptor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Paeonol induces non-endothelium dependent-vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery via inhibiting voltage-dependent calcium channel-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx and receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx and release.</p>

Protective effects of paeonol, paeoniflorin and their compatibility on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effects of paeonol, paeoniflorin, and their compatibility on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were in vitro cultured and injured by a hypoxia of 2.5 - 5 h and a following 2-h reoxygenation. To observe the effects of paeonol and paeoniflorin, four doses of 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/L were respectively set up. And to observe the compatibility of paeonol and paeoniflorin, five doses were set up as follows: paeonol 40 and 20 mg/L, paeoniflorin 40 and 20 mg/L, compatibility of paeonol 20 mg/L and paeoniflorin 20 mg/L. The above drugs were incubated with cardiomyocytes during the hypoxia and reoxygenation period respectively. No drug intervention was given to the model group, while no modeling was given to the normal control group. The transudatory creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the culture medium were determined after the hypoxia period and the reoxygenation period respectively, and the total outleakage and the leakage inhibition ratio during the whole procedure were calculated. Results of each group were got from parallel operations for 5 times.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the MDA leakage increased 2.5 h after hypoxia, the leakage and the total outleakage of CK, LDH, and MDA all significantly increased 3 and 5 h after hypoxia, and 2 h after reoxygenation. The leakage inhibition ratio of each index decreased with statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the leakage and the total outleakage of LDH and MDA both decreased in the high dose paeonol group, and the high and middle dose paeoniflorin groups after hypoxia and 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the leakage inhibition ratio of each index increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). However, the leakage and the total outleakage of CK decreased in the low dose and the extreme low dose paeonol groups only 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the leakage inhibition ratio of CK increased (P<0.01). The leakage and the total outleakage of LDH decreased in the extreme low dose paeoniflorin group only 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01), while the leakage inhibition ratio of LDH increased (P<0.01). The effects of their compatibility showed no significant difference (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Paeonol, paeoniflorin, and their compatibility all have remarkable protective effects on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. There was no significant synergistic effect when paeonol was used with paeoniflorin together.</p>

Study on improving the speed and quality of making rat myocardial infarction model by coronary artery ligation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the methods for improving the speed and quality of making rat myocardial infarction model by coronary artery ligation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>With the precondition of having no effect on rat myocardial infarction size: (1) To compare the thoracotomy time, the ligation time of the way of coronary artery ligation by tying one knot with the way by tying two knots. (2) To compare the survival rate of making model, the onset time of anesthesia, the awakening time, the effect on myocardial infarction size between using hydration chlorine aldehyde and using sodium pentobarbital.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In case of having no significant effect on the myocardial infarction size (P > 0.05), the way of tying one knot could significantly shorten the thoracotomy time and the ligation time (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the onset time of anesthesia or the myocardial infarction size between the model made by sodium pentobarbital and that made by hydration chlorine aldehyde (P > 0.05). But the awakening time of the model made by sodium pentobarbital was obviously shortened (P < 0.01). The clarity rate of myocardial infarction size was improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The way of tying one knot could improve the speed of model making. Sodium pentobarbital as the anesthetic for in vivo rat myocardial infarction model could improve the clarity rate of myocardial infarction area.</p>

Anaphylactoid reactions inducing effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata injection on beagle / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sensitization effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations on Beagle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Beagles, a kind of animal highly sensitive to sensitizing agents, were randomly divided into 18 groups, 3 in each group. They received respectively the intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 made by different factories in different concentrations (0.25%, 0.10%, 0.05%), and Houttuynia cordata Injection containing polysorbate 80 in concentration of 0.25% or 0.30%, with the constant infusing speed of 5 mL/min and volume of 10 mL/kg. Changes of animals' condition were observed before infusion and in the 24 h after infusion, time of symptom appearance and disappearance was recorded, and the grade of response was determined. Moreover, blood samples of animals were collected before infusion and 10 min after ending infusion for measuring histamine content in plasma using ELISA. Then the sensitization effect was comprehensively estimated by combined consideration of the responding grade and histamine level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No typical symptom of anaphylactoid reaction and over 1-fold increase of histamine level was found in all groups that received intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations. Estimation showed that all test solutions didn't induce typical anaphylactoid reaction on Beagle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Considering both the appearance of symptoms and the elevation of blood content of histamine could be taken as the criteria for comprehensive diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions. The solubilization effect and safety (for foreclose anaphylactoid reaction) of polysorbate 80 could be ensured by controlling its quality and concentration below 0.25% or 0.30%.</p>

Effect and mechanism of methyl protodioscin in protecting cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect and mechanism of methyl protodioscin (MPD), an active ingredients of yamogenin, in protecting cardiomyocytes (CMC) against anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured CMCs of neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, cells in Group A were untreated normal cells, cells in Group B and C were made to injury CMC model by A/R, and only those in Group C were treated with MPD. Levels of ATPase activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell membrane of CMCs were determined. Besides, the mRNA expression of sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) in MPD treated CMCs was detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with Group B, the degree of CMC injury was significantly milder and the activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase were higher in Group C after cells were treated with MPD in concentration of 10 microg/mL and 50 microg/mL. The mRNA expression of NCX in CMCs was down-regulated after MPD treatment (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MPD could maintain the low calcium internal environment in CMCs by way of protecting the membranous function of Na+ -pump and Ca2+ -pump, and influencing the Ca2+ transmembrane transportation in CMCs.</p>

Urgency and necessity of standardisation of chinese medicine with confusions of compound Danshen preparations / 中国中药杂志

Through analysing the complicated phenomenon of the traditional Chinese medicine product, we propose the standardization for the traditional Chinese medicine. Taking compound Danshen preparation for example, the status of our standardization of the traditional Chinese medicine is connected with the chaos of the raw material, vehicle, production process, quality criteria and clinical application. So we propose the countermeatures to strengthen the construction of standardization for the traditional Chinese medicine.

Effects of guanxin II on cardiac protein expression after acute myocardial ischemia on rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Guanxin II is a famous modern formula of traditional Chinese medicine. Guanxin II after myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiac anatomy and function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Guanxin 1I on cardiac protein expression after MI.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats were randomized into 3 groups, sham, model and treating groups. Model and treating groups were fed with Guanxin II and sham group was fed with water for 10 days before MI. MI operation is to ligate left coronary artery. 24 hours after MI, myocardial protein expression of junctional zone was assessed with 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectra analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Guanxin II was found to be able to improve myocardial protein expression, especially 11 proteins. These proteins are mainly involved in suppressing changes of cell shape and structure and energy metabolism.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Guanxin II after MI affected myocardial protein expression. Further experiments of larger research extent should be done to receive more results.</p>

Effects of series of Muskone on heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of series of Muskone (the muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Inula Root and neither kind of Common Aucklandia Root) on the heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs, and to explain its pharmacological action on cardiovascular system.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Arterial blood pressure, coronary blood flow, resistance in coronary artery, total peripheral resistance, work of left artrium and oxygen consumption index of the cardiac muscles were observed in anaesthetic dogs.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The series of Muskone decreased arterial blood pressure significantly, dilated coronary artery and peripheral arteries significantly, increased coronary blood flow, decreased resistance in coronary artery, improved the work of left artrium, the oxygen availability of cardiac muscles and the complaisance of arteries in cardiac muscles.</p>

Study on comparative pharmacology of series of Muskone / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on experimental myocardial infarct and pain in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Coronary artery ligation was applied for the model of myocardial infarct. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring parameters of histomorphometry, blood plasm of ET, 6- keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Intraperitoneal injection acetic was applied for the model of ache, the frequency and eclipse period of writhing were evaluated its effect of resisting pain.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all can decrease the area of myocardial infarction in rats, the level of TXB2, ET, and the frequency of writhing significantly. Also it can increase the level 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only relieved pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all have significant therapeutic effect on both myocardial infarction and pain, while single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only can relieve pain.</p>

Study on therapeutic effects of series of muskone on myocardial infarction canines / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and hematological index in experimental canines, and to explain the pharmacological action and characteristic of its therapeutic effect on ischemic heart disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The range and degree of myocardial ischemia was evaluated by epicardial electrogram mapping, and the range extent of myocardial infarction was determined by quantitate histology (N-BT staining method). Meanwhile, the changes of ET, TXB2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha were determined to study the effects of the series of Muskone on myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and hematological index in experimental canines.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The series of Muskone can improve myocardial ischemia and infarction in experimental canines, and relieve significantly the degree of myocardial ischemia (Sigma-ST) determined by epicardial electrogram mapping, decrease the range of myocardial ischemia (N-ST) determined by epicardial electrogram mapping and decrease infarction zone determined by N-BT staining method. And it has a significant inhibition on activity of ET induced by myocardial ischemia and infarction, and increases 6-Keto-PGF1alpha and 6-Keto-PGF1alpha/TXB2 induced by myocardial ischemia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The series of Muskone has significant therapeutic effect on myocardial infarction.</p>

Protective effects of San Baoxin on injury induced by myocardical ischemic reperfusion and anti-thrombosis in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of San Baoxin on myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) and thrombogenesis in rats in vivo and ex vivo.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The experimental model was established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 180 min. The Chandler method was used to produced ex vivo thrombosis and an electrical stimulation of common carotid artery was adopted to form in vivo thrombosis respectively, the effect of antithrombosis induced by San Baoxin was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>San Baoxin significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), obviously elevated the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased the amount of NO of the serum simultaneously. The San Baoxin at the dosage of 10 g x kg(-1) could remarkably lengthen the OT ( P < 0.05). All San Baoxin dosages could inhibit the formation of ex vivo thrombosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>San Baoxin protects the myocardium from injury of ischemic and reperfusion. The protective effect of San Baoxin may be due to that it can dilate vessels, increase the activity of clearance enzyme of free radical and inhibit lipid peroxidation and the formation of ex vivo and in vivo thrombosis.</p>